摘要：大(da)力發展和推廣電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)是國家發展新能源、清潔(jie)能源以(yi)應對日(ri)益(yi)突出的(de)(de)燃油供(gong)求矛盾(dun)和環境(jing)污(wu)染問題，加大(da)生態環境(jing)保護治理力度的(de)(de)措施之(zhi)一，由(you)此加速了電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)發展速度，現今電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)已走進千家萬(wan)戶，與之(zhi)配(pei)套使用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)也(ye)隨之(zhi)普及(ji)，交(jiao)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)是采用(yong)傳導充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)為具(ju)有車(che)(che)載(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)提供(gong)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)裝置，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)供(gong)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設計是確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)全，及(ji)排除消防安(an)全隱患的(de)(de)有力保障。基于此，本(ben)文對新能源電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)選型與安(an)裝進行研究，以(yi)供(gong)參(can)考(kao)。

關鍵詞：新能源；電動汽車；充電樁；選型；安裝

0引言

汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)在便捷人們(men)生(sheng)(sheng)活方面(mian)(mian)有著重要(yao)的作用(yong)(yong)，但是(shi)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)的大(da)量使(shi)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)造(zao)成了(le)城(cheng)市交通擁堵，另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)對環境產生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)污染。就(jiu)經濟可持續發(fa)展來看，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)污染問(wen)題(ti)要(yao)要(yao)得到解決，所以在現階段，新(xin)能源汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)的研發(fa)在持續性(xing)深入。電(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)相比于傳統燃(ran)油(you)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)，能源利(li)用(yong)(yong)更加的清潔，只(zhi)是(shi)在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的過程中會(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)蓄能問(wen)題(ti)。所以在當(dang)前的電(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)實(shi)際研究中，續航問(wen)題(ti)成為了(le)研究的關鍵。

1充電樁配建標準及發展趨勢

國家發(fa)(fa)行的(de)(de)(de)[2015]73號(hao)文(wen)件明確了(le)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本原則：“統籌規劃、科學布局；適(shi)度超前、有序(xu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)；統一標準、通用開放；依托市(shi)場(chang)、創新機制(zhi)"，原則上，新建(jian)(jian)(jian)住宅配(pei)(pei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)停(ting)車(che)位(wei)應100%建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施或(huo)預留建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)安裝(zhuang)條(tiao)件，大(da)型公(gong)共(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物配(pei)(pei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)停(ting)車(che)場(chang)、社(she)會公(gong)共(gong)(gong)停(ting)車(che)場(chang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施或(huo)預留建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)安裝(zhuang)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)車(che)位(wei)比(bi)例不低(di)于10%，每2000輛電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)至少(shao)配(pei)(pei)套建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)一座公(gong)共(gong)(gong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站。湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)省為(wei)了(le)支(zhi)持(chi)開發(fa)(fa)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施，將(jiang)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)地納(na)入(ru)土地綜合利用總體計劃和(he)年(nian)度土地利用計劃中，制(zhi)定了(le)一系列(lie)支(zhi)持(chi)政(zheng)策，包括根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)項目建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)地提供擔保和(he)優惠。武漢還要(yao)求規劃和(he)配(pei)(pei)置新住宅和(he)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)大(da)型停(ting)車(che)場(chang)占20%的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例的(de)(de)(de)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施。其他部(bu)分地方(fang)也相(xiang)應地陸續引進附(fu)帶措施，要(yao)求對(dui)新建(jian)(jian)(jian)住宅區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)標準提出要(yao)求。湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)省發(fa)(fa)表的(de)(de)(de)“湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源開發(fa)(fa)"表示，將(jiang)加快電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。堅持(chi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源互聯網(wang)發(fa)(fa)展概(gai)念作為(wei)滿足城(cheng)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)起點(dian)，采用智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)技術，構建(jian)(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)交互式服務平臺(tai)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)410個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)約19萬(wan)個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)。擴大(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施支(zhi)持(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)和(he)改(gai)造，確保充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施無(wu)障礙，確保供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)順利，滿足充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施運營要(yao)求。

2電動汽車的充電方(fang)式和(he)建設充電監控系統(tong)的必要(yao)性分析

電(dian)動汽車在目前的(de)(de)(de)社會中得到了廣泛的(de)(de)(de)利用，但是續航問題與充(chong)電(dian)問題一直困(kun)擾(rao)著(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)(de)發展。現(xian)階段，不(bu)少企(qi)業提(ti)出利用智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)來解決續航問題，但是在具體(ti)推出充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)之后發現(xian)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)性管理(li)(li)成本(ben)較高，而且在使(shi)用中容(rong)易出現(xian)安全事故。出于(yu)對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)安全問題的(de)(de)(de)考(kao)慮，也(ye)重視(shi)了充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)運(yun)營管理(li)(li)成本(ben)問題，做智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)，并在智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)時候強化監(jian)控系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)構建(jian)，這樣，監(jian)控系(xi)統實(shi)現(xian)對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)本(ben)身和(he)充(chong)電(dian)過程的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)測與控制，這不(bu)僅為汽車充(chong)電(dian)提(ti)供了保證(zheng)，對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)提(ti)升也(ye)有(you)意義。簡而言(yan)之，電(dian)動汽車充(chong)電(dian)方法(fa)和(he)建(jian)設(she)(she)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)監(jian)控系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)性顯著(zhu)(zhu)。

3電(dian)動汽車充(chong)電(dian)樁分類

3.1直流充電樁

直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)更適用(yong)于(yu)出租車(che)(che)(che)、大(da)巴、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動轎(jiao)車(che)(che)(che)、混合動力(li)公(gong)交車(che)(che)(che)等大(da)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)(che)的(de)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，功(gong)率較大(da)，在(zai)(zai)建(jian)設過程中(zhong)(zhong)需注(zhu)重(zhong)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)保護，一般建(jian)設在(zai)(zai)大(da)型停車(che)(che)(che)場。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源為(wei)三相四(si)線(xian)380VAC±10%，頻率為(wei)50Hz±5%。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)具(ju)(ju)有快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)能力(li)，即充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)于(yu)0.2C。根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量C，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)(zai)0.1C-0.2C之間時(shi)，稱(cheng)為(wei)慢(man)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)于(yu)0.2C，小于(yu)0.8C則是快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。而當充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)于(yu)0.8C時(shi)，稱(cheng)之為(wei)很高速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，需對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀態監控，可根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)溫度(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進(jin)行(xing)自動調整(zheng)，具(ju)(ju)備報警與(yu)保護功(gong)能。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)是采用(yong)傳導(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)(che)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行(xing)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)方式(shi)，具(ju)(ju)有充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度(du)快(kuai)的(de)優(you)點。

3.2交流樁

交流充電(dian)樁(zhuang)是給帶有(you)車載充電(dian)機的電(dian)動汽(qi)車提供(gong)電(dian)源，不調節輸出，由于(yu)電(dian)動汽(qi)車車載充電(dian)機的功率一(yi)般都比較小，所(suo)以(yi)交流充電(dian)樁(zhuang)無法實現快速充電(dian)。

3.3交直流一體充電樁(zhuang)

交(jiao)(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)一體(ti)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)同時具備交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)及(ji)直(zhi)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)功(gong)能，可以在(zai)白天業務量(liang)多時選擇直(zhi)流(liu)快速充(chong)電(dian)，在(zai)夜晚業務少(shao)時選擇交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)進行(xing)慢速充(chong)電(dian)。需(xu)具備為(wei)蓄電(dian)池(chi)系統安(an)全、自動充(chong)滿電(dian)的(de)功(gong)能，減少(shao)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程中對電(dian)池(chi)的(de)傷(shang)害。充(chong)電(dian)模式可以分為(wei)定時、定量(liang)和(he)智能三種(zhong)模式。為(wei)確保充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)安(an)全可靠運行(xing)，需(xu)設置漏電(dian)、短路、過(guo)流(liu)等保護功(gong)能。交(jiao)(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)一體(ti)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)更為(wei)智能化。

4充電樁的(de)安裝注意事(shi)項

（1）要保證電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁之(zhi)間(jian)的安(an)全距(ju)離(li)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁安(an)裝在(zai)汽(qi)(qi)車側面(mian)，且門未打開時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁外部(bu)輪(lun)(lun)廓（包(bao)(bao)括防(fang)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)施）在(zai)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車頭部(bu)不能小于(yu)(yu)0.4米，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備安(an)裝在(zai)車尾(wei)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)裝置外部(bu)輪(lun)(lun)廓（包(bao)(bao)括防(fang)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)施）在(zai)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車頭部(bu)要小于(yu)(yu)0.5米。（2）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁樁的安(an)裝要保留維護(hu)和運營空(kong)間(jian)，維護(hu)工作平面(mian)與建(jian)筑物（結構）建(jian)筑物之(zhi)間(jian)的距(ju)離(li)要小于(yu)(yu)0.8米。（3）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁在(zai)采用落地(di)安(an)裝方(fang)式時(shi)要滿足以下要求(qiu)(qiu)：①充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁基礎要提高(gao)，高(gao)出(chu)地(di)面(mian)50mm至100mm，室外應(ying)高(gao)出(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站地(di)坪(ping)200mm及以上。②基座(zuo)要大于(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備的長寬外輪(lun)(lun)廓，大小要大于(yu)(yu)50mm以上。（4）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁采用壁掛安(an)裝方(fang)式時(shi)滿足以下要求(qiu)(qiu)：①應(ying)垂直(zhi)于(yu)(yu)地(di)平面(mian)的墻壁安(an)裝，墻面(mian)符合承載要求(qiu)(qiu)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁要確保緊(jin)固到位。②設(she)備安(an)裝高(gao)度應(ying)易于(yu)(yu)操(cao)作，設(she)備人(ren)機(ji)接口操(cao)作區水平線應(ying)距(ju)地(di)面(mian)1.5米。

5電動汽車(che)充電樁的運營管(guan)理(li)

5.1建立(li)一體化服(fu)務網(wang)絡

電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)應建立一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)服務網絡(luo)，為車(che)(che)(che)主、新能源汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)企業(ye)、相關部門提(ti)供信息資(zi)源綜(zong)合性的(de)服務。可以各城市為單位(wei)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)運(yun)營（監管(guan)）為主控，由(you)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)（站）的(de)基(ji)礎信息數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)與運(yun)營數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)等組成(cheng)應用網絡(luo)。建立智能化(hua)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫，應設置實(shi)時數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫和歷(li)史數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫，智能系統中(zhong)包含(han)的(de)實(shi)體(ti)主要有電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)、用戶、賬戶。

5.2履職盡責，增強業主(zhu)（車(che)主(zhu)）安(an)全意識

電(dian)動汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)管理工作中(zhong)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)提高(gao)業主的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全觀(guan)念，增加應對事故的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法。作為房地(di)產服務業，應該開展以(yi)下幾項工作：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)通過(guo)組織使(shi)用(yong)(yong)者觀(guan)看安(an)(an)(an)(an)全教(jiao)育視頻(pin)、照片、充(chong)電(dian)設備(bei)(bei)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)過(guo)程安(an)(an)(an)(an)全知識(shi)資(zi)料、微信分享案例等形式進行宣(xuan)傳教(jiao)育，與主要(yao)節日一(yi)(yi)起在社區開展社區活動，提高(gao)對新能源汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全使(shi)用(yong)(yong)重要(yao)性的(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)，以(yi)及(ji)讓使(shi)用(yong)(yong)者了解和(he)掌握新能源汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全使(shi)用(yong)(yong)常識(shi)。二是(shi)實行安(an)(an)(an)(an)全使(shi)用(yong)(yong)責任(ren)(ren)制。房地(di)產服務企業通過(guo)簽署業主和(he)新能源汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)設備(bei)(bei)責任(ren)(ren)單(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全使(shi)用(yong)(yong)協議，可以(yi)更加明(ming)確地(di)規范充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全責任(ren)(ren)和(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全使(shi)用(yong)(yong)要(yao)求(qiu)，加強使(shi)用(yong)(yong)者的(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)(ren)感，加強實施新能源汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全使(shi)用(yong)(yong)規則(ze)和(he)制度。

5.3智能(neng)充電樁的(de)性能(neng)測(ce)試

智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)運行對(dui)于解決電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)問題(ti)而言(yan)有重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)，對(dui)某(mou)城市15個智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)利(li)用(yong)做定點監控和分析發(fa)現其在性能(neng)(neng)方面表(biao)現出了兩大(da)優勢：一是智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)利(li)用(yong)更加的(de)(de)便(bian)捷，而且整個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)。用(yong)戶僅僅需要(yao)做身份(fen)的(de)(de)認(ren)證(zheng)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)便(bian)能(neng)(neng)夠實現自動化，這對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)的(de)(de)續航(hang)問題(ti)解決有重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)意義。二是智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)安全性十分的(de)(de)顯著。

6安科瑞(rui)充電樁收費運營云平臺

6.1概述

AcrelCloud-9000安科(ke)瑞充(chong)(chong)電(dian)柱收費運營(ying)云平臺(tai)系(xi)統通過(guo)(guo)物聯網(wang)(wang)技術對接(jie)入系(xi)統的電(dian)動電(dian)動自行(xing)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)站以及各(ge)個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)整法行(xing)不間(jian)斷地數據采(cai)集和(he)監(jian)控(kong)，實時(shi)監(jian)控(kong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁運行(xing)狀態，進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)服務(wu)、支付(fu)(fu)管理，交易結算，資(zi)要管理、電(dian)能(neng)管理，明細查詢(xun)等。同時(shi)對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)過(guo)(guo)溫保護(hu)、漏電(dian)、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)輸(shu)入/輸(shu)出過(guo)(guo)壓，欠壓，絕(jue)緣低(di)各(ge)類故(gu)障進行(xing)預警(jing)；充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁支持以太網(wang)(wang)、4G或(huo)WIFI等方式接(jie)入互(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)，用(yong)戶通過(guo)(guo)微(wei)信(xin)、支付(fu)(fu)寶，云閃(shan)付(fu)(fu)掃碼充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。

6.2應用場所

適用于民用建筑、一般工業建筑、居住小區、實業單位、商業綜合(he)體、學(xue)校、園區等充(chong)電樁模式的充(chong)電基礎設(she)施設(she)計。

6.3系統結構

6.3.1系(xi)統分為四層：

1）即數據(ju)采集層(ceng)(ceng)、網絡傳輸層(ceng)(ceng)、數據(ju)中心層(ceng)(ceng)和客戶端層(ceng)(ceng)。

2）數(shu)(shu)據(ju)采集(ji)層：包括電(dian)(dian)瓶車(che)智能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)通(tong)訊協議為標準modbus-rtu。電(dian)(dian)瓶車(che)智能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)用于采集(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)回路(lu)的電(dian)(dian)力參數(shu)(shu)，并進行電(dian)(dian)能計量(liang)和保護。

3）網絡傳輸層(ceng)：通過4G網絡將(jiang)數據上傳至(zhi)搭建好的數據庫服(fu)務(wu)器。

4）數(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)心層：包(bao)含應用服(fu)務(wu)(wu)器(qi)和數(shu)據(ju)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)器(qi)，應用服(fu)務(wu)(wu)器(qi)部(bu)署(shu)數(shu)據(ju)采(cai)集(ji)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)、WEB網(wang)站，數(shu)據(ju)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)器(qi)部(bu)署(shu)實時數(shu)據(ju)庫、歷史數(shu)據(ju)庫、基礎數(shu)據(ju)庫。

5）應(ying)客戶(hu)端層：系統管理員可在瀏覽(lan)器中訪問電(dian)瓶(ping)車(che)充(chong)電(dian)樁收費平(ping)臺。終(zhong)端充(chong)電(dian)用(yong)戶(hu)通過刷卡掃碼(ma)的方式啟(qi)動充(chong)電(dian)。

小區充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)臺功能主(zhu)要涵蓋(gai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設施智能化大(da)屏、實時(shi)監控、交易管理(li)、故障管理(li)、統計分析、基礎數據管理(li)等功能，同時(shi)為運維人員提(ti)(ti)供運維APP，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)用戶提(ti)(ti)供充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)小程序(xu)。

6.4安(an)科瑞充電樁云平(ping)臺系(xi)統功能

6.4.1智能(neng)化大屏(ping)

智能化大(da)屏展(zhan)示(shi)站點(dian)分布情況，對設(she)備(bei)狀態、設(she)備(bei)使用(yong)率、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次數、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時長(chang)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)金額、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)度數、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)故障等進(jin)行統計(ji)顯示(shi)，同時可查看(kan)每個(ge)站點(dian)的站點(dian)信息(xi)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)列(lie)表、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)記(ji)錄、收益、能耗、故障記(ji)錄等。統一管理小區充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)，查看(kan)設(she)備(bei)使用(yong)率，合理分配(pei)資(zi)源。

6.4.2.實(shi)時監控

實時監視(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)設施運行(xing)狀(zhuang)況，主要包(bao)括充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁運行(xing)狀(zhuang)態(tai)、回路狀(zhuang)態(tai)、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程中的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)量、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓/電(dian)流，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁告(gao)警信息等。

6.4.3交易管理

平臺(tai)管理人員可管理充(chong)電用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)賬戶(hu)(hu)，對其進(jin)(jin)行賬戶(hu)(hu)進(jin)(jin)行充(chong)值(zhi)、退款(kuan)、凍結、注銷(xiao)等(deng)操作，可查看小區用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)每日的充(chong)電交易詳細信息。

6.4.4故障管理

設備自動上(shang)報(bao)故障(zhang)信息，平臺管理(li)人員(yuan)可通(tong)(tong)過(guo)平臺查看故障(zhang)信息并(bing)進(jin)行派(pai)發(fa)處(chu)理(li)，同時運(yun)(yun)維人員(yuan)可通(tong)(tong)過(guo)運(yun)(yun)維APP收(shou)取故障(zhang)推送，運(yun)(yun)維人員(yuan)在(zai)運(yun)(yun)維工(gong)作完(wan)成(cheng)后將結果上(shang)報(bao)。充電用戶(hu)也可通(tong)(tong)過(guo)充電小程(cheng)序反饋現場問題。

6.4.5統計分析

通過系(xi)統平臺，從充(chong)電(dian)站點、充(chong)電(dian)設施、、充(chong)電(dian)時間、充(chong)電(dian)方式等不同角(jiao)度(du)，查詢充(chong)電(dian)交易(yi)統計(ji)信息、能耗統計(ji)信息等。

6.4.6基礎數據管理

在系統平臺建立運營商戶，運營商可建立和管理其運營所需站點和充電設施，維護充電設施信息、價格策略、折扣、優惠活動，同時可管理在線卡用戶充值、凍結和解綁。

6.4.7運維APP

面向運維(wei)人員(yuan)使用，可以對站點(dian)和充(chong)電樁(zhuang)進(jin)行(xing)管理(li)、能(neng)夠進(jin)行(xing)故(gu)(gu)障閉環處理(li)、查詢流量卡(ka)使用情(qing)況(kuang)、查詢充(chong)電\充(chong)值情(qing)況(kuang)，進(jin)行(xing)遠(yuan)程參數設置，同時可接收(shou)故(gu)(gu)障推送(song)。

6.4.8充電小程序(xu)

面向(xiang)充(chong)(chong)電用戶使用，可查看附近空閑設備，主(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)含掃(sao)碼充(chong)(chong)電、賬戶充(chong)(chong)值，充(chong)(chong)電卡綁定、交易查詢、故障申訴等功能(neng)。

6.5系統硬件配置

7結語

近年來(lai)，新能(neng)源電動(dong)汽車(che)迅(xun)速發(fa)展，充(chong)電設(she)(she)施不僅存在“沒有對外開放"，“不兼(jian)容電動(dong)汽車(che)充(chong)電"，“使用成本高(gao)"等(deng)問題，影響了(le)新能(neng)源電動(dong)汽車(che)充(chong)電的(de)用戶體驗，急需加(jia)快建設(she)(she)充(chong)電基礎設(she)(she)施，這是時代發(fa)展的(de)必要性(xing)。

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