摘要：近(jin)年來，我國大(da)力推進新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源公共交(jiao)通的(de)(de)(de)發展，制定(ding)了一系列相關政策(ce)法(fa)規。作為公共充電設施的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源充電樁(zhuang)也得(de)到了發展和普及，其在新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源領域發揮著重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)保障(zhang)作用。在當前，充電樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)管理還存在許多(duo)短板，很大(da)程度上是由于這一行業還處于起步(bu)階段，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源充充電樁(zhuang)管理者要(yao)解(jie)決其中存在的(de)(de)(de)問題。本文將圍繞新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源充電樁(zhuang)運營管理問題展開(kai)分析，針對具(ju)體問題提出解(jie)決方(fang)案，使新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源充電樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)管理更加科(ke)學，從而(er)為城市交(jiao)通的(de)(de)(de)優化(hua)提供助力。

關鍵詞：新能(neng)源(yuan)；充電樁；運營管理

0、引言

在日常出行中，各(ge)種交(jiao)通(tong)工(gong)具(ju)已成為了的(de)(de)(de)一部分。近年來，隨著國家對環境保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)重視以及居民對生活(huo)環境和質量的(de)(de)(de)關注，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)交(jiao)通(tong)工(gong)具(ju)成為了人們的(de)(de)(de)新選擇，在交(jiao)通(tong)工(gong)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)占比(bi)中越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)大。作為電(dian)(dian)動(dong)交(jiao)通(tong)工(gong)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)配套(tao)設施(shi)，新能(neng)源(yuan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)建設步(bu)伐(fa)也在日益加(jia)快。如何提高充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)利用效率(lv)，*大限度(du)滿足交(jiao)通(tong)工(gong)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)要求，成為新能(neng)源(yuan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)管理者要解決(jue)的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，下文主(zhu)(zhu)要圍繞這一主(zhu)(zhu)題(ti)展(zhan)開論述。

1、新能(neng)源充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)運營管理現狀(zhuang)

1.1區域分布不均(jun)勻

由于新(xin)能(neng)源交通工(gong)具廣泛應(ying)用的(de)(de)時(shi)間較(jiao)短，因(yin)此在各項設施的(de)(de)配備(bei)上(shang)都(dou)存在著一定的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)。其(qi)中(zhong)，新(xin)能(neng)源充電樁(zhuang)區域(yu)分布(bu)不(bu)均勻就是一個比較(jiao)顯著的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)。雖然(ran)建設了一些充電站，但其(qi)數量(liang)不(bu)多，且分布(bu)較(jiao)遠，不(bu)能(neng)便利車主及時(shi)進行充電。在人(ren)流量(liang)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)商業或(huo)辦公密集區，充電樁(zhuang)數量(liang)較(jiao)少，無法滿(man)足(zu)充電需(xu)求。同時(shi)，大(da)部分的(de)(de)停(ting)車場并沒有加(jia)裝充電樁(zhuang)，使(shi)得(de)車主無法做到隨停(ting)隨充，在一定程度上(shang)降低了停(ting)車場的(de)(de)使(shi)用效率(lv)。這些因(yin)素，無不(bu)限制了新(xin)能(neng)源電動汽(qi)車的(de)(de)發展。

1.2收取費用較高

在(zai)(zai)當前，環保已經(jing)成為國家(jia)與民眾的共同追求，因此(ci)許多人選擇購買(mai)更加(jia)清潔環保的新(xin)能源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)。這在(zai)(zai)一定(ding)程度上降低了污染環境的廢氣排(pai)放，但也(ye)增加(jia)了充電(dian)需(xu)求，與此(ci)同時，充電(dian)的費用也(ye)在(zai)(zai)不斷提升。就新(xin)能源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)而言(yan)，充電(dian)費用包(bao)含(han)服務費用和基礎電(dian)費兩個部分。基礎電(dian)費往往波動較小，按度數進(jin)行收費，但服務費用卻有著(zhu)較大的跨度，不同區域差異顯(xian)著(zhu)。并且，在(zai)(zai)停(ting)車(che)(che)場進(jin)行充電(dian)時，還需(xu)要繳納一部分的停(ting)車(che)(che)費用，這對(dui)于新(xin)能源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)車(che)(che)主來(lai)說(shuo)，無疑(yi)增加(jia)了整體(ti)的費用支出。

1.3維護不及時

新(xin)能源充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)需(xu)(xu)要定(ding)期進(jin)行維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)和(he)保養，老(lao)舊的(de)(de)設備也(ye)需(xu)(xu)要及(ji)時(shi)進(jin)行更換。盡管(guan)當前充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)建設速(su)度(du)(du)已基本(ben)滿足需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)，但(dan)對(dui)(dui)于老(lao)舊設備的(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)和(he)保養，對(dui)(dui)故障的(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)(wei)修和(he)排(pai)查，卻并沒有跟(gen)上(shang)建設的(de)(de)速(su)度(du)(du)，從而產生了(le)(le)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)不及(ji)時(shi)的(de)(de)問題。同時(shi)，由于管(guan)理的(de)(de)疏(shu)忽，停車場(chang)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)無人看管(guan)，從而使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)成了(le)(le)燃油車主的(de)(de)停車位，一(yi)定(ding)程度(du)(du)上(shang)降低(di)了(le)(le)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)使(shi)用效(xiao)率，影響(xiang)到新(xin)能源汽(qi)車車主的(de)(de)使(shi)用體驗。

2、新能(neng)源充(chong)(chong)電樁用戶充(chong)(chong)電行為分(fen)析

2.1充電場所集中

從居民的出(chu)(chu)(chu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)時間和(he)地點來(lai)看(kan)，新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源車(che)(che)主(zhu)(zhu)的固定充(chong)電地點，大多集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)工作地點的附近(jin)，這(zhe)符合車(che)(che)主(zhu)(zhu)的日常出(chu)(chu)(chu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)需(xu)求。在(zai)節(jie)假日期間，消(xiao)費場(chang)(chang)所(suo)和(he)休閑娛樂場(chang)(chang)所(suo)附近(jin)充(chong)電站使用率較高，與車(che)(che)主(zhu)(zhu)的日常行(xing)(xing)(xing)為緊密(mi)聯系(xi)在(zai)一起(qi)。同(tong)時，在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)長途出(chu)(chu)(chu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，大部分的新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)(che)車(che)(che)主(zhu)(zhu)需(xu)要在(zai)服務區(qu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)電，這(zhe)反映出(chu)(chu)(chu)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源車(che)(che)主(zhu)(zhu)高速出(chu)(chu)(chu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的充(chong)電需(xu)求。從這(zhe)些現象當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，可(ke)以發(fa)現，新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)(che)仍然存在(zai)著續航能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)較弱(ruo)的問題，這(zhe)進(jin)而(er)引發(fa)了車(che)(che)主(zhu)(zhu)的焦慮，只有確保途中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠臨時充(chong)電，才能(neng)(neng)(neng)使出(chu)(chu)(chu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)不受影(ying)響。

2.2充電時間呈三段(duan)式

從(cong)用(yong)戶充(chong)電時間(jian)來看(kan)，新能源汽車的充(chong)電時間(jian)，呈三段(duan)(duan)式(shi)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)，且與(yu)生(sheng)活用(yong)電高(gao)峰期一致。從(cong)區(qu)域來看(kan)，市(shi)中心。總體(ti)上看(kan)，中午是*為集中的充(chong)電時段(duan)(duan)。盡(jin)管部分(fen)(fen)地區(qu)采用(yong)了(le)“削峰填谷"的電價計算方式(shi)，但由于(yu)差價不大，未(wei)能產生(sheng)顯(xian)著(zhu)的影(ying)響，對車主(zhu)的引(yin)導能力(li)有(you)限。盡(jin)管區(qu)域間(jian)存在一定的差別，但從(cong)總體(ti)趨勢上看(kan)，三段(duan)(duan)式(shi)的分(fen)(fen)布(bu)是比(bi)較(jiao)明顯(xian)的。

2.3平均充電(dian)時長(chang)短

充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)長(chang)(chang)也是(shi)用戶充電(dian)(dian)(dian)行為的一(yi)個重要表現(xian)。相關數(shu)據顯示，有幾乎一(yi)半(ban)的車(che)(che)(che)主，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)長(chang)(chang)在30分鐘以內(nei)。出(chu)現(xian)這一(yi)現(xian)象(xiang)的原因是(shi)多樣(yang)的，比(bi)如停車(che)(che)(che)場(chang)的免(mian)費(fei)停車(che)(che)(che)時(shi)間(jian)、用戶自身的時(shi)間(jian)規劃等。只有不(bu)到一(yi)半(ban)的車(che)(che)(che)主，能夠等待(dai)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量充滿。與之(zhi)相對應(ying)，高速服務站的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)長(chang)(chang)會略高于(yu)城區，大約(yue)為40分鐘，這主要是(shi)由(you)于(yu)路程較長(chang)(chang)，且(qie)時(shi)間(jian)較為寬裕，才出(chu)現(xian)這樣(yang)的狀況。

3、新能源充電樁(zhuang)運營(ying)管理方案設計

3.1優化充電樁分布(bu)區(qu)域(yu)

從現有(you)公共交(jiao)通設施的(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)來看，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)域(yu)顯然是不(bu)夠(gou)均勻(yun)的(de)(de)，優化(hua)(hua)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)域(yu)可(ke)以(yi)從以(yi)下幾個方(fang)(fang)面著手：首先，充(chong)(chong)分(fen)利用已有(you)資源，擴(kuo)建現有(you)停車場(chang)，并在(zai)現有(you)停車場(chang)加裝充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，盡量做到(dao)隨停隨充(chong)(chong)，以(yi)避免集中到(dao)某些充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站，造成(cheng)擁堵狀況(kuang)(kuang)。其(qi)次，在(zai)各類政府層面可(ke)以(yi)提供相應的(de)(de)政策保障，比如簡化(hua)(hua)停車場(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)建設的(de)(de)審批手續，提高停車場(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)數量。通過這些方(fang)(fang)式，能(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)一定(ding)程度上緩解充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)域(yu)不(bu)均勻(yun)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)。

3.2優化運營管理模(mo)式(shi)

優化充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)運營管(guan)(guan)理模式(shi)，能夠在很大程度(du)上解決充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)維護不及(ji)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)狀況，要(yao)(yao)做到優化充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)運營管(guan)(guan)理，則主要(yao)(yao)依托于共享(xiang)機制(zhi)，主要(yao)(yao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)是將(jiang)私人(ren)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)引(yin)入到各(ge)大停車(che)場和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站中。私人(ren)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)引(yin)入，可以在一定程度(du)上緩解現存供電(dian)(dian)壓力，釋放供電(dian)(dian)潛能。對其(qi)進行統一管(guan)(guan)理，合理調配，一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)能夠提(ti)升充(chong)電(dian)(dian)效率，另一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)也能為電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)所有者帶來經濟效益(yi)，提(ti)高其(qi)意愿，進而實現雙贏局面(mian)。與此同時(shi)，運營平臺(tai)也應該鼓勵運營商(shang)與各(ge)大停車(che)場共同制(zhi)定策略(lve)，共同促進發展(zhan)，管(guan)(guan)理充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)建設和運行。通過上述方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，方(fang)(fang)能真(zhen)正(zheng)實現在共享(xiang)機制(zhi)下優化運營管(guan)(guan)理模式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。

3.3制定相應的(de)補貼政策

新能(neng)源(yuan)交通工(gong)具(ju)(ju)的(de)應用，符(fu)合(he)國(guo)家可(ke)(ke)持續(xu)發展(zhan)的(de)理念，因(yin)此得到支持和推廣。但由前文可(ke)(ke)知，部分(fen)停車場的(de)充電費用較高，這(zhe)增加了新能(neng)源(yuan)汽車車主(zhu)的(de)充電負擔。為(wei)了解決這(zhe)個問題，可(ke)(ke)采取(qu)制(zhi)定(ding)補貼(tie)政策(ce)(ce)這(zhe)一措施。在進行具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)規劃時，應該充分(fen)了解新能(neng)源(yuan)汽車充電市場的(de)整體(ti)(ti)概(gai)況(kuang)，結合(he)現(xian)有需求(qiu)和未來(lai)的(de)增長(chang)態勢，明確補貼(tie)的(de)大致范圍，除(chu)了現(xian)金補貼(tie)外，應當積(ji)極拓展(zhan)和豐富補貼(tie)方式，實現(xian)停車場充電樁運(yun)營的(de)可(ke)(ke)持續(xu)發展(zhan)。同時，由于城區與郊區存在著顯著的(de)差(cha)異(yi)，補貼(tie)政策(ce)(ce)的(de)制(zhi)定(ding)也應該具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)問題具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)分(fen)析(xi)。針對能(neng)夠領取(qu)補貼(tie)的(de)運(yun)營商和停車場，應制(zhi)定(ding)一定(ding)的(de)考量和核查標準，如(ru)此才能(neng)使補貼(tie)政策(ce)(ce)真正發揮作用。

4充電樁智能監控系統的設計

4.1硬件框架組成

充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的電(dian)(dian)源為380V交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)源經過(guo)對交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)進行整流(liu)、濾波和穩壓等(deng)措(cuo)施就(jiu)變成(cheng)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源。能(neng)夠供給電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。想要完(wan)成(cheng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)還(huan)需要 IC卡(ka)識(shi)別模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊．這個模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊的設(she)(she)計能(neng)夠讓用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶激活充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)。讀(du)卡(ka)器將(jiang)會識(shi)別出IC卡(ka)上(shang)的用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶信(xin)息，識(shi)別完(wan)成(cheng)后能(neng)夠顯示(shi)(shi)個人信(xin)息、余額等(deng)。而(er)狀(zhuang)態(tai)顯示(shi)(shi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊則用(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)將(jiang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)的狀(zhuang)態(tai) 信(xin)息充(chong)(chong)分顯示(shi)(shi)出來(lai)。硬件系統(tong)包括了主(zhu)控板、檢(jian)測芯片、IC讀(du)卡(ka)器以及顯示(shi)(shi)屏、鍵盤等(deng)設(she)(she)備。建設(she)(she)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)過(guo)程中(zhong)。其(qi)樁(zhuang)體材(cai)料的選擇應(ying)該以鍍鋅(xin)銅板優先，考慮(lv)到防(fang)(fang)潮防(fang)(fang)水性(xing)能(neng)，還(huan)應(ying)該保證(zheng)材(cai)料的防(fang)(fang)水性(xing)能(neng)，以保證(zheng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)在(zai)潮濕(shi)天氣下也能(neng)夠正常(chang)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

4.2充電樁智(zhi)能監控系統的軟件(jian)構(gou)成

當(dang)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時．只(zhi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)插1：1連(lian)接(jie)到(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)上(shang)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)手柄．通(tong)過(guo)讀(du)卡(ka)器識(shi)別(bie)戶(hu)的(de)(de)IC卡(ka)以將(jiang)(jiang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)激(ji)活：如(ru)果(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)插口(kou)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)手柄沒(mei)有進(jin)行正(zheng)常連(lian)接(jie)將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)進(jin)行提(ti)示和報警(jing)。完成(cheng)(cheng)身份識(shi)別(bie)后，用戶(hu)可以進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)，同(tong)時在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)檢(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，如(ru)果(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)被(bei)檢(jian)測(ce)到(dao)不對的(de)(de)話，同(tong)樣會(hui)提(ti)示和報警(jing)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)也會(hui)通(tong)過(guo)顯(xian)示屏(ping)(ping)給用戶(hu)一些選擇(ze)(ze)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)方(fang)面的(de)(de)建議(yi)。如(ru)果(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)被(bei)檢(jian)測(ce)到(dao)是正(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)進(jin)行正(zheng)常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)顯(xian)示屏(ping)(ping)將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)顯(xian)示出(chu)用戶(hu)信息、用戶(hu)卡(ka)上(shang)余額、已經(jing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)得時間(jian)以及充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完成(cheng)(cheng)剩余時間(jian)等信息。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束后，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)發出(chu)提(ti)示，用戶(hu)IC卡(ka)停止計(ji)費，將(jiang)(jiang)票據通(tong)過(guo)打(da)印機打(da)印出(chu)來，等到(dao)用戶(hu)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)一同(tong)離(li)開后，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)就會(hui)進(jin)入(ru)到(dao)自動(dong)鎖定的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，直到(dao)下一個用戶(hu)激(ji)活為止。以上(shang)步(bu)驟是智(zhi)能充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)正(zheng)常使用程(cheng)序。

5 安科瑞充電樁收費運營云平臺

5.1概述

AcrelCloud-9000安科(ke)瑞充(chong)電(dian)(dian)柱收費運營云平臺系統(tong)通過物聯網技術對接入(ru)系統(tong)的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站以(yi)(yi)及各個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)整法行不間斷地(di)數據采(cai)集和監控(kong)，實時監控(kong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)運行狀態，進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)服務、支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)管理，交易(yi)結算(suan)，資(zi)要(yao)管理、電(dian)(dian)能管理，明(ming)細(xi)查(cha)詢(xun)等。同時對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機過溫保(bao)護、漏電(dian)(dian)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機輸入(ru)/輸出過壓(ya)，欠壓(ya)，絕緣低(di)各類故(gu)障進行預警；充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)支(zhi)持以(yi)(yi)太網、4G或WIFI等方式接入(ru)互聯網，用戶通過微信、支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)寶，云閃付(fu)(fu)掃碼(ma)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

5.2應用場所

適用(yong)于民(min)用(yong)建筑(zhu)、一般(ban)工業建筑(zhu)、居住小區、實業單位、商業綜(zong)合體、學校、園(yuan)區等充電樁模式的充電基礎(chu)設施設計。

5.3系統結構

5.3.1系統(tong)分為四層：

1）即(ji)數據采集層(ceng)、網絡傳輸層(ceng)、數據中心(xin)層(ceng)和客戶端(duan)層(ceng)。

2）數(shu)據(ju)采集層：包括電瓶車(che)智(zhi)能(neng)充電樁通(tong)訊協(xie)議為標準modbus-rtu。電瓶車(che)智(zhi)能(neng)充電樁用于采集充電回路的(de)電力參數(shu)，并進行電能(neng)計量(liang)和(he)保護。

3）網絡(luo)傳輸層(ceng)：通過4G網絡(luo)將數(shu)據上傳至搭建好的數(shu)據庫服(fu)務器。

4）數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)中心層：包(bao)含應用服務(wu)(wu)器(qi)和數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)服務(wu)(wu)器(qi)，應用服務(wu)(wu)器(qi)部署數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)采集服務(wu)(wu)、WEB網(wang)站，數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)服務(wu)(wu)器(qi)部署實時(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫、歷史數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫、基礎(chu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫。

5）應客戶端層：系(xi)統管理員(yuan)可在瀏(liu)覽器中訪問電瓶車充(chong)電樁收(shou)費平(ping)臺。終端充(chong)電用戶通過刷卡掃(sao)碼的方式(shi)啟動充(chong)電。

小區充電平臺功(gong)能(neng)主要(yao)涵蓋充電設施智能(neng)化(hua)大屏、實(shi)時監控、交易(yi)管(guan)理(li)、故障管(guan)理(li)、統計(ji)分析、基(ji)礎數據(ju)管(guan)理(li)等功(gong)能(neng)，同時為運維(wei)人員提(ti)供運維(wei)APP，充電用(yong)戶提(ti)供充電小程序。

5.4安科瑞(rui)充電(dian)樁云平臺系統功能

5.4.1智能化大屏

智能化大屏展示(shi)站點分布情況，對設備(bei)狀態、設備(bei)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)率(lv)、充電(dian)(dian)次數(shu)、充電(dian)(dian)時長、充電(dian)(dian)金額、充電(dian)(dian)度數(shu)、充電(dian)(dian)樁故障等(deng)進行統計(ji)顯示(shi)，同(tong)時可查看每個站點的站點信(xin)息、充電(dian)(dian)樁列表、充電(dian)(dian)記(ji)錄、收益、能耗、故障記(ji)錄等(deng)。統一管理小區充電(dian)(dian)樁，查看設備(bei)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)率(lv)，合理分配資(zi)源。

5.4.2.實(shi)時(shi)監控

實時監視充電設施運行狀況，主要包括充電樁運行狀態、回路狀態、充電過程中的充電電量、充電電壓/電流，充電樁告警信息等。

5.4.3交易管理

平臺管理人員可管理充電用戶(hu)賬(zhang)戶(hu)，對其進行賬(zhang)戶(hu)進行充值、退款、凍結、注(zhu)銷等操(cao)作，可查看小區用戶(hu)每日(ri)的充電交易(yi)詳(xiang)細(xi)信息。

5.4.4故障管理

設備自動上報故(gu)障(zhang)信(xin)息，平臺管理(li)人員可通過(guo)平臺查看故(gu)障(zhang)信(xin)息并進(jin)行派發處理(li)，同時(shi)運維(wei)人員可通過(guo)運維(wei)APP收(shou)取故(gu)障(zhang)推送，運維(wei)人員在運維(wei)工作完(wan)成(cheng)后將結果上報。充電用戶(hu)也可通過(guo)充電小程序反饋現場(chang)問(wen)題。

5.4.5統計分析

通過系統(tong)平臺，從充電(dian)站點、充電(dian)設施、、充電(dian)時間、充電(dian)方式等不同角度，查詢(xun)充電(dian)交易統(tong)計信(xin)息(xi)(xi)、能耗(hao)統(tong)計信(xin)息(xi)(xi)等。

5.4.6基礎數據管理

在系統平臺建立運營商戶，運營商可建立和管理其運營所需站點和充電設施，維護充電設施信息、價格策略、折扣、優惠活動，同時可管理在線卡用戶充值、 凍結和解綁。

5.4.7運(yun)維APP

面(mian)向運維人(ren)員使(shi)用(yong)，可(ke)以對站點和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁進行(xing)管理(li)、能夠進行(xing)故障閉(bi)環處理(li)、查詢(xun)流量卡使(shi)用(yong)情(qing)況(kuang)、查詢(xun)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)\充(chong)(chong)值(zhi)情(qing)況(kuang)，進行(xing)遠程參數(shu)設(she)置(zhi)，同(tong)時可(ke)接(jie)收(shou)故障推送

5.4.8充電小程序(xu)

面(mian)向充電(dian)用戶使用，可查看附(fu)近(jin)空閑(xian)設備(bei)，主(zhu)要包含掃碼(ma)充電(dian)、賬戶充值，充電(dian)卡綁定、交易(yi)查詢、故障(zhang)申訴等功能(neng)。

5.5系統硬件配置

6結束語

綜上(shang)(shang)所述，新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)交(jiao)通(tong)工具已經成為未來交(jiao)通(tong)行業的(de)(de)發展(zhan)趨勢，與之相(xiang)(xiang)適應(ying)，新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)充(chong)(chong)電樁也應(ying)當不斷(duan)完善和(he)發展(zhan)。由上(shang)(shang)文可知，我(wo)國(guo)當前新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)充(chong)(chong)電樁的(de)(de)運(yun)營(ying)管(guan)(guan)理(li)還(huan)處于起步階段，通(tong)過對其中存(cun)在的(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)進行分(fen)析，本文提出從優(you)(you)化充(chong)(chong)電樁分(fen)布區域、優(you)(you)化運(yun)營(ying)管(guan)(guan)理(li)模式(shi)(shi)和(he)制定相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)補貼政(zheng)策(ce)三個(ge)方(fang)面，來解決相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。相(xiang)(xiang)信隨著技術(shu)的(de)(de)不斷(duan)發展(zhan)以(yi)及(ji)管(guan)(guan)理(li)模式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)不斷(duan)優(you)(you)化，新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)充(chong)(chong)電樁的(de)(de)運(yun)營(ying)管(guan)(guan)理(li)一定能在未來邁上(shang)(shang)一個(ge)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)臺階。

安科瑞侯文莉