摘要：對(dui)于電動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)來說，主要是(shi)借助電力(li)作(zuo)為能(neng)源，有著(zhu)多(duo)方面的優點(dian)(dian)。但是(shi)也(ye)存在(zai)著(zhu)一(yi)定的問(wen)題，尤其在(zai)續航能(neng)力(li)上相(xiang)對(dui)較差。因此，在(zai)實際(ji)工作(zuo)中(zhong)要正確(que)利用現(xian)代科學技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，讓電動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)實現(xian)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電。在(zai)研究中(zhong)所涉及到的技(ji)術(shu)(shu)也(ye)相(xiang)對(dui)較多(duo)，在(zai)這(zhe)一(yi)背景(jing)的影響下，電動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電樁中(zhong)的軟件設計與硬(ying)件結(jie)構得到了(le)發展。本文(wen)針對(dui)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電樁管理方案進(jin)行了(le)簡要闡述，并提出幾點(dian)(dian)個人看法(fa)，僅供參考。

關鍵詞：電動(dong)汽車；智能充電樁(zhuang)；管理方案

1. 前言

常規的(de)(de)汽車(che)所(suo)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)動力能(neng)源主要以化(hua)石燃料為主，且(qie)在這種(zhong)燃料的(de)(de)影響(xiang)下(xia)，不僅(jin)會造成環(huan)境上(shang)的(de)(de)污染，同時受到化(hua)石能(neng)源稀缺的(de)(de)影響(xiang)，使得資(zi)源的(de)(de)儲備量上(shang)也在逐漸減少。因此，越來越多的(de)(de)人(ren)開始將目光(guang)放(fang)在了(le)電動汽車(che)的(de)(de)生產與研(yan)宄(gui)上(shang)。為了(le)實現節能(neng)減排的(de)(de)目標，改善地球中的(de)(de)環(huan)境，電動汽車(che)的(de)(de)發展己經成為了(le)必(bi)然。

二(er)、電動汽車中(zhong)充電方法與建設充電樁監控系統的重(zhong)要性

雖然(ran)人(ren)們對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)投入(ru)了較大的(de)(de)關注(zhu)度(du)，但是(shi)(shi)受到(dao)其(qi)續(xu)航(hang)能(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)，還是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好研究與分析(xi)工作。加之在不便于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)因(yin)素的(de)(de)影響(xiang)下(xia)，使(shi)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)使(shi)用范圍受到(dao)了限制。就(jiu)目前來說，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)動(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)來源上主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)從(cong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池上得到(dao)的(de)(de)，如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓相(xiang)對(dui)較低，就(jiu)需要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，否則就(jiu)會直(zhi)接影響(xiang)到(dao)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)性能(neng)以(yi)及(ji)速度(du)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)面。現如今充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)方(fang)法逐漸增多，如交(jiao)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)快(kuai)速更換以(yi)及(ji)直(zhi)流快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)重量(liang)(liang)與體積(ji)相(xiang)對(dui)較大的(de)(de)，其(qi)重要(yao)(yao)性也不言(yan)而(er)喻，因(yin)此，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)智能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁受到(dao)了人(ren)們的(de)(de)關注(zhu)。在智能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的(de)(de)影響(xiang)下(xia)，可(ke)以(yi)從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)上出發，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行(xing)維護，也便于用戶進(jin)行(xing)操作，從(cong)而(er)解決了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)隨時充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)問題。

（一）充電方式

第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)，交流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于交流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來(lai)說(shuo)，常常是(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)用了(le)220V或是(shi)(shi)(shi)380V的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，且在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，還會對(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)濾波(bo)，從而保(bao)護了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)來(lai)說(shuo)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間相對(dui)(dui)(dui)較長(chang)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)適用于小型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)以(yi)(yi)及混(hun)合式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力汽(qi)車(che)。第(di)(di)二，直流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)借助直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源來(lai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，并(bing)不需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)車(che)載裝(zhuang)置(zhi)等進(jin)(jin)行(xing)調節，這(zhe)樣(yang)也(ye)就(jiu)減(jian)輕了(le)汽(qi)車(che)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)量(liang)。因(yin)此，在采(cai)取這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)運用于大型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)有著功(gong)率大與(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。第(di)(di)三，更(geng)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)。在這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)準(zhun)備(bei)出兩組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，一(yi)(yi)組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)提(ti)供(gong)動(dong)力，另一(yi)(yi)組(zu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)地面直流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當所(suo)(suo)使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力出現(xian)(xian)不足時(shi)(shi)(shi)，就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)將這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)替換為(wei)(wei)另一(yi)(yi)組(zu)，以(yi)(yi)此來(lai)縮(suo)短充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)來(lai)說(shuo)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)建造出相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更(geng)換站(zhan)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人員來(lai)參與(yu)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更(geng)換維護中(zhong)(zhong)去。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)也(ye)就(jiu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)投(tou)入較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)，也(ye)降低(di)了(le)智能(neng)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展。第(di)(di)四，非接觸式(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)來(lai)說(shuo)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)并(bing)不多(duo)見(jian)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)特定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣元件，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)還要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證與(yu)汽(qi)車(che)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)即(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)接觸，這(zhe)樣(yang)才能(neng)確保(bao)在汽(qi)車(che)行(xing)駛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)受到技術(shu)以(yi)(yi)及資金等方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)并(bing)沒(mei)有得到推廣。

（二）必要性

目(mu)前電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車在(zai)(zai)充(chong)電(dian)方式上主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)采用了(le)直流與(yu)交流兩種(zhong)，所以不論是(shi)(shi)哪一種(zhong)方法，都需(xu)要(yao)建設(she)充(chong)電(dian)樁。所以為了(le)確保(bao)實現(xian)充(chong)電(dian)智能(neng)化(hua)，充(chong)電(dian)樁的(de)(de)監(jian)控系統(tong)也要(yao)隨之建設(she)。雖然現(xian)階(jie)段電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車上存在(zai)(zai)著一定(ding)的(de)(de)問題，但是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)社會(hui)與(yu)科(ke)學技術的(de)(de)快速發(fa)(fa)展下，電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車具備了(le)噪音小污染小等特點，所以也受到了(le)人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)廣泛關注。因此，在(zai)(zai)實際(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中要(yao)做(zuo)好充(chong)電(dian)系統(tong)的(de)(de)建設(she)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，雖然這一項(xiang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)存在(zai)(zai)著一定(ding)的(de)(de)復雜性，但是(shi)(shi)也是(shi)(shi)十分(fen)必要(yao)的(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)快速發(fa)(fa)展中，所采用的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)池往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)(shi)鋰離(li)子電(dian)池，且(qie)這種(zhong)電(dian)池在(zai)(zai)充(chong)電(dian)中有(you)著較(jiao)為嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)要(yao)求，如果不能(neng)做(zuo)好智能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)樁的(de)(de)管理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，很容易對鋰電(dian)池產生出較(jiao)大的(de)(de)影響，嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)還(huan)會(hui)威脅(xie)到人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)人(ren)身安全。

三、電動汽車(che)充電樁監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統

（一）可行模式

第(di)一，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，在(zai)停(ting)車場中就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)進行(xing)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設工(gong)作，且在(zai)實(shi)際工(gong)作中還(huan)要(yao)(yao)保證其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)220V或(huo)是380V，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是因(yin)為這(zhe)(zhe)兩種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)適用范圍相對較為廣(guang)泛。借助這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)對小型的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車或(huo)是換位(wei)清潔車等進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。且這(zhe)(zhe)一充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)優勢就(jiu)是可(ke)(ke)以(yi)實(shi)現夜間(jian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。第(di)二，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)直流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)。對于這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)來說，往往適用于大(da)型或(huo)是公交(jiao)(jiao)車聚集(ji)相對較多的(de)(de)場合中。在(zai)直流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)影(ying)響下，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)實(shi)現快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是因(yin)為這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)中具(ju)備了較大(da)的(de)(de)功率，但是對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)運行(xing)上(shang)卻會產(chan)生相應的(de)(de)影(ying)響。因(yin)此，在(zai)直流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)過程中，要(yao)(yao)做好(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)保護工(gong)作，以(yi)此來提高使用的(de)(de)效果(guo)。

（二）主要功能

第一，APP或IC卡識別。在(zai)(zai)實(shi)際工作中就(jiu)需要借助識別APP或IC卡來激(ji)活充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁，從而實(shi)現計費上的(de)(de)功能(neng)。第二(er)，在(zai)(zai)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過程中，就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓以(yi)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流等方面(mian)進行保護，同時也可(ke)以(yi)進行有效的(de)(de)檢測。第三，在(zai)(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過程中也可(ke)以(yi)對充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)(de)狀態以(yi)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等方面(mian)進行實(shi)時監控(kong)。第四，在(zai)(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過程中也可(ke)以(yi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)實(shi)現智能(neng)化的(de)(de)保護，從而延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使用壽(shou)命。

四、充(chong)電樁智能監控系(xi)統(tong)上的設計

(一)硬件

對(dui)(dui)于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)來(lai)說(shuo)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)主要(yao)(yao)是380V交(jiao)流網電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，所以(yi)通(tong)過對(dui)(dui)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)整流與(yu)(yu)濾(lv)波(bo)，也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)將其(qi)轉(zhuan)變為直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，從而對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。想要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，還要(yao)(yao)借(jie)助(zhu)APP或IC卡進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)激(ji)活，且這一模(mo)塊上的(de)設(she)計(ji)可(ke)以(yi)幫助(zhu)用戶(hu)激(ji)活充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)。在(zai)APP云端(duan)或讀卡器中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)對(dui)(dui)用戶(hu)的(de)信(xin)息(xi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)識別，從而現(xian)實出(chu)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)信(xin)息(xi)以(yi)及余額等(deng)。在(zai)狀(zhuang)態(tai)現(xian)實模(mo)塊中(zhong)(zhong)則(ze)可(ke)以(yi)將充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)息(xi)顯示(shi)出(chu)來(lai)。在(zai)硬件系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)主要(yao)(yao)包含了中(zhong)(zhong)央主控制板以(yi)及顯示(shi)屏(ping)等(deng)設(she)備。所以(yi)在(zai)建設(she)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)時要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好樁(zhuang)體材料上選擇工作，綜(zong)合好防(fang)潮與(yu)(yu)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)的(de)性能。同時還要(yao)(yao)保證材料自身的(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)效果，這樣才能在(zai)潮濕雨水(shui)(shui)天氣時也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)正常(chang)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

1. 軟件構成

在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，只需(xu)要對(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)插(cha)口進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)連接，從而(er)將充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)與(yu)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)連接在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)起，借助(zhu)APP或讀卡器來(lai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)識別，從而(er)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)激活充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)插(cha)口與(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)手柄沒有連接在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)起，那么就會及時(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)提(ti)示(shi)與(yu)報(bao)警(jing)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)識別完用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)身份以(yi)后，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)選(xuan)擇，明確(que)(que)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式。如果充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式檢(jian)測不正常，也(ye)會對(dui)(dui)(dui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)提(ti)醒(xing)與(yu)報(bao)警(jing)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)中(zhong)也(ye)包含了一(yi)些(xie)會顯示(shi)給用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式選(xuan)擇建議，且如果所選(xuan)擇的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式是正確(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)，那么充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)就會正常的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)作。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)也(ye)會顯示(shi)出用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)信息以(yi)及余額(e)等，幫助(zhu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)明確(que)(que)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束后，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)也(ye)會及時(shi)(shi)提(ti)醒(xing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)APP或℃卡上(shang)(shang)也(ye)會停止(zhi)計費，并將票(piao)據(ju)等打印(yin)出來(lai)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)與(yu)車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛離開后，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)就會啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)自動(dong)(dong)鎖定，直到(dao)下一(yi)個用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)激活。可(ke)(ke)以(yi)說上(shang)(shang)述(shu)環節都是智能充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)正常使用(yong)(yong)(yong)方法，所以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)要掌握好這(zhe)一(yi)內容(rong)，這(zhe)樣才(cai)能更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)(dui)車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

五、安(an)科瑞充(chong)電樁收費運營云平(ping)臺

5.1概述

AcrelCloud-9000安科瑞充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁收費運(yun)營云平臺系統通(tong)(tong)過物聯(lian)網(wang)技術對(dui)接(jie)入系統的汽車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)(xing)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站以及各個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁進(jin)行(xing)(xing)不間(jian)斷地(di)數據采集和監控，實時(shi)監控充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁運(yun)行(xing)(xing)狀態，進(jin)行(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)務(wu)、支付管理，交易結算，資源管理、電(dian)(dian)(dian)能管理、明細查詢等，同時(shi)對(dui)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機過溫保護、漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機輸(shu)入/輸(shu)出過壓、欠壓、絕緣低各類故障進(jin)行(xing)(xing)預警；充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁支持以太網(wang)、4G或WIFI等方式接(jie)入互聯(lian)網(wang)，用(yong)戶通(tong)(tong)過微信、支付寶、云閃付掃碼充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

5.2應用場合

適用于住宅小區(qu)等物業環境、各類企事業單位(wei)、醫院(yuan)、景區(qu)、學(xue)校、園區(qu)等公建、公共停(ting)車場(chang)(chang)(chang)、公路充電站、公交樞紐、購物中心(xin)、商業綜合體、商業廣場(chang)(chang)(chang)、地下停(ting)車場(chang)(chang)(chang)、高(gao)速服務區(qu)、公寓寫(xie)字樓等場(chang)(chang)(chang)合。

5.3系統結構

現(xian)場(chang)設備層：連接于網絡中(zhong)的各類傳感(gan)器(qi)，包括多(duo)功能(neng)(neng)電(dian)力(li)儀表(biao)、汽車充電(dian)樁、電(dian)瓶車充電(dian)樁、電(dian)能(neng)(neng)質量分析儀表(biao)、電(dian)氣火災探測器(qi)、限流式保(bao)護器(qi)、煙霧傳感(gan)器(qi)、測溫裝置、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)插座、攝像頭等。

網絡通(tong)訊層：包含現場智能(neng)(neng)網關、網絡交(jiao)換(huan)機(ji)等設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)。智能(neng)(neng)網關主動采集現場設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)層設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，并可進行規(gui)約(yue)轉換(huan)，數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)存儲，并通(tong)過(guo)網絡把數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)上傳至搭(da)建好的數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫服務器，智能(neng)(neng)網關可在網絡故障時(shi)將(jiang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)存儲在本地，待網絡恢復時(shi)從中斷的位置繼續(xu)上傳數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，保證服務器端數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)不丟失。

平臺管理層(ceng)：包(bao)含(han)應用(yong)服(fu)務(wu)器和(he)數(shu)據服(fu)務(wu)器，完成對(dui)現場(chang)所有智能設備的(de)數(shu)據交(jiao)換，可(ke)在(zai)PC端或移動(dong)端實現實時監測充電站配電系統運行(xing)狀態(tai)、充電樁的(de)工作(zuo)狀態(tai)、充電過程及人(ren)員行(xing)為，并完成微(wei)信、支(zhi)付寶在(zai)線支(zhi)付等應用(yong)。

5.4平臺功能描述

5.4.1充電服務

充(chong)電(dian)設施搜(sou)索，充(chong)電(dian)設施查看，地圖尋(xun)址，在線自助支付充(chong)電(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)結算，導(dao)航(hang)等。

5.4.2首頁總覽

總覽當(dang)日、當(dang)月開(kai)戶數、充(chong)(chong)值金額、充(chong)(chong)電金額、充(chong)(chong)電度(du)數、充(chong)(chong)電次(ci)數、充(chong)(chong)電時長(chang)(chang)，累計(ji)的(de)開(kai)戶數、充(chong)(chong)值金額、充(chong)(chong)電金額、充(chong)(chong)電度(du)數、充(chong)(chong)電次(ci)數、充(chong)(chong)電時長(chang)(chang)，以(yi)及相應的(de)環比增長(chang)(chang)和同比增長(chang)(chang)以(yi)及樁(zhuang)、站分布地圖導(dao)航、本月充(chong)(chong)電統計(ji)。

5.4.3交易結算

充電價格策略管(guan)理(li)，預收費管(guan)理(li)，賬(zhang)單(dan)管(guan)理(li)，營收和財務相關報表。

5.4.4故障管理

故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)管理故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)記錄查詢、故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)處理、故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)確(que)認、故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)分析(xi)等管理項，為用戶管理故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)和查詢提供方便(bian)。

5.4.5統計分析

統(tong)計分析(xi)支持運營(ying)趨勢分析(xi)、收(shou)益統(tong)計，方便用戶以曲(qu)線、能耗(hao)分析(xi)等分析(xi)工具，瀏覽樁的充電運營(ying)態勢。

5.4.6運營報告

按用戶周(zhou)期分析(xi)汽(qi)車、電(dian)瓶車充(chong)電(dian)站、樁運行、交易、充(chong)值、充(chong)電(dian)及報警、故障情(qing)況(kuang)，形成分析(xi)報告。

5.4.7APP、小程序移(yi)動端(duan)支持

通過模糊搜索和地圖搜索的功(gong)能，可查(cha)詢(xun)可用的電(dian)(dian)樁和電(dian)(dian)站等詳細信息。掃碼(ma)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，在線(xian)支付:掃描充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁二維(wei)碼(ma)，完(wan)成支付，微信支付完(wan)成后，即可進(jin)行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

5.4.8資源管理

充電站(zhan)檔案(an)管理(li)，充電樁檔案(an)管理(li)，用(yong)戶檔案(an)管理(li)，充電樁運行監測，充電樁異常交易監測。

5.5選型配置

六、結語

綜上(shang)所述可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出(chu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車中智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)主要包含了直流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)以(yi)及交(jiao)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)。尤其是對(dui)于(yu)交(jiao)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)來(lai)說(shuo)，要在整(zheng)流(liu)與濾波的(de)基礎上(shang)來(lai)轉變為直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，從而被相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)用戶采用，但是這種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率還(huan)是相(xiang)對(dui)較高的(de)。因(yin)此，為了保(bao)證蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間充(chong)足，較大限度的(de)延(yan)長使用的(de)壽(shou)命，要及時(shi)做好(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)管(guan)理工作，從開始到后面的(de)結束，都要實(shi)現智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化的(de)管(guan)理，盡可(ke)能(neng)(neng)的(de)減少(shao)人員上(shang)的(de)投入，積極推廣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車，保(bao)護好(hao)生(sheng)態(tai)環境。

安科瑞侯文莉