摘要：根據目(mu)前對(dui)于新能源汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)發展(zhan)規劃及政策，以及國內外(wai)充電設施(shi)的(de)主要(yao)類(lei)型和技術參數。論述(shu)地下車(che)(che)庫電動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)充電樁的(de)供配電系統的(de)設計及設計過(guo)程(cheng)中需要(yao)注意的(de)一些問題。

關鍵詞：充(chong)電樁；地下車庫；供配電設計；負荷計算　　

0引言

新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)的(de)產(chan)業發展與(yu)推廣應用(yong)，已(yi)是大勢所(suo)趨。新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽已(yi)經成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)未來汽車(che)(che)發展的(de)必然(ran)方向。我國(guo)目前發展的(de)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)以插電(dian)式混合(he)動(dong)力汽車(che)(che)和純電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。為(wei)(wei)推廣和使用(yong)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)并加快充電(dian)設(she)施的(de)建(jian)設(she)，國(guo)辦[2015]73號(hao)文(wen)及建(jian)規[2015]199號(hao)文(wen)件(jian)明確要(yao)求：新(xin)(xin)建(jian)住(zhu)宅配建(jian)停車(che)(che)位應100%預留充電(dian)設(she)施建(jian)設(she)安裝條件(jian)。因此(ci)，新(xin)(xin)建(jian)住(zhu)宅小區(qu)地下車(che)(che)庫充電(dian)樁規劃(hua)、設(she)計成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)民用(yong)建(jian)筑電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)計內容的(de)一部分(fen)。

1配置充電樁的類型(xing)及(ji)技術(shu)要求

目前(qian)，新能源汽車的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)為直流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)和(he)交(jiao)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)兩種，俗稱(cheng)“快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)"和(he)“慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)"。直流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)有(you)占地(di)面(mian)積大，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)較短，投資大等(deng)特(te)點(dian)。而交(jiao)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的特(te)點(dian)基本與直流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)相反，占地(di)小，可掛(gua)墻安(an)裝，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)低，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)長，投資小等(deng)特(te)點(dian)。通(tong)過(guo)比(bi)較可知，住宅小區(qu)固定車位(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)適宜采用交(jiao)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，而直流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)通(tong)常設(she)置(zhi)在大型商場、辦公樓、繁華(hua)市區(qu)等(deng)需(xu)要(yao)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的區(qu)域。

2 供配電系統設計

2.1 充電設施專(zhuan)用變壓器容量計算

SΣ=Kt*Kx*Cn*（Kn*Pn+Km*Pm）/（η* cosφ）

式中：SΣ--變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)總安裝(zhuang)容量（kVA）；η--變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)負載率(lv)(lv)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)0.70-0.75；cosφ--補償后功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)0.95；Pn --交流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁（慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)）安裝(zhuang)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)7.0KW；Pm-直流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁（快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)）安裝(zhuang)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)60kW作為基數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)（一般(ban)有30kW、45kW、60kW、75kW、90kW、105kW、120kW）； Kn--慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)停(ting)(ting)車(che)(che)位配置(zhi)比例(li)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)（即，實(shi)際(ji)慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)停(ting)(ting)車(che)(che)位數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量/小區規(gui)劃(hua)停(ting)(ting)車(che)(che)位數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量），近(jin)期(qi)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)0.20，遠期(qi)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)0.45；Km-快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)停(ting)(ting)車(che)(che)位配置(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量比例(li)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)（即，實(shi)際(ji)快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)停(ting)(ting)車(che)(che)位數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量/小區規(gui)劃(hua)停(ting)(ting)車(che)(che)位數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量），近(jin)期(qi)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)0.02，遠期(qi)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)0.045；Kx--充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁需要系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量（慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)+快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)），5-10個(ge)(ge)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)0.75-0.85；10-50個(ge)(ge)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)0.55-0.65；50個(ge)(ge)以(yi)上(shang)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)0.4-0.45；Kt--充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁同時使用(yong)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量（慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)+快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)），5-50個(ge)(ge)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)0.85-0.90；50個(ge)(ge)以(yi)上(shang)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)0.6-0.7；Cn --小區規(gui)劃(hua)停(ting)(ting)車(che)(che)位數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量。

目(mu)前，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備在國(guo)內大(da)范圍應用還比較(jiao)少，沒(mei)有(you)先例(li)可查，同時(shi)(shi)系(xi)數(shu)(shu)Kt和需要(yao)系(xi)數(shu)(shu)Kx很難選(xuan)(xuan)取(qu)。Kt和Kx的選(xuan)(xuan)取(qu)主(zhu)要(yao)與下面因(yin)數(shu)(shu)關：1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)的使用情(qing)況(kuang)：目(mu)前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)總體數(shu)(shu)量不(bu)多(duo)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備本身的利(li)用率不(bu)高；各(ge)建(jian)筑具體情(qing)況(kuang)不(bu)相(xiang)同。2）即使同時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，各(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)之(zhi)間(jian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池狀態、性能等(deng)各(ge)不(bu)相(xiang)同。3）另外，小區交流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁（慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)）和直流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁（快充(chong)(chong)(chong)）一般使用時(shi)(shi)間(jian)在不(bu)同時(shi)(shi)段。設(she)計人(ren)員應結合各(ge)地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)的發展情(qing)況(kuang)和工程(cheng)實(shi)際，合理選(xuan)(xuan)取(qu)。

2.2 配電設計

(1)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁總電(dian)(dian)(dian)源宜(yi)(yi)采(cai)用低(di)壓系統供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，接地采(cai)用TN-S系統。（2）交流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁宜(yi)(yi)按防火(huo)分(fen)區配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，每個(ge)防火(huo)分(fen)區均宜(yi)(yi)設(she)(she)置(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁區域(yu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)柜(ju)、末(mo)(mo)端(duan)(duan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱。區域(yu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)柜(ju)和末(mo)(mo)端(duan)(duan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)三種形式(shi)：一、按100%配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)全部(bu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)安(an)裝到位(wei)；二、按20%配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)全部(bu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)安(an)裝到位(wei)（區域(yu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)柜(ju)—末(mo)(mo)端(duan)(duan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)柜(ju)—充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁），其(qi)他80%僅考慮(lv)路由(you)、土建(jian)等條件；三、按20%配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)僅區域(yu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)柜(ju)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)安(an)裝到位(wei)，末(mo)(mo)端(duan)(duan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱取消，區域(yu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)柜(ju)采(cai)用放射式(shi)直接供電(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁，其(qi)它80%僅考慮(lv)路由(you)、土建(jian)等條件。（3）各(ge)防火(huo)分(fen)區區域(yu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)柜(ju)宜(yi)(yi)安(an)裝在設(she)(she)置(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁車位(wei)附近(jin)的(de)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)間內，其(qi)系統圖(tu)如(ru)圖(tu)1所示。為(wei)保(bao)證末(mo)(mo)端(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備安(an)全，末(mo)(mo)端(duan)(duan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱低(di)壓斷路器(qi)應設(she)(she)置(zhi)短(duan)路保(bao)護(hu)和剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)功能(neng)，其(qi)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)額定動作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)30mA，動作(zuo)時(shi)間≤0.1s。

圖 1 電動汽車充電設施配電系統圖

2.3 電能質量

電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程為(wei)(wei)非(fei)線性的(de)負荷(he)變(bian)化(hua)過程，設(she)(she)計時應考(kao)慮(lv)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)對公用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量產生的(de)影響，并采取有效的(de)抑制措施(shi)，將注入公網的(de)諧波控制在規定范(fan)圍內(nei)。為(wei)(wei)保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量的(de)要求，所(suo)采取的(de)措施(shi)如下：（1）增加充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機整流裝置的(de)脈動數(shu)(shu)。（2）低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統中設(she)(she)置有源(yuan)濾波器裝置，功率因數(shu)(shu)補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器組配(pei)置電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器。（3）專(zhuan)用(yong)變(bian)壓器接線組別為(wei)(wei)D，yn11，且負荷(he)率不高于70%。（4）為(wei)(wei)改善三相用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備的(de)平衡(heng)(heng)度，單相交流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁負荷(he)應均衡(heng)(heng)的(de)分配(pei)到三相上，盡量使三相負荷(he)平衡(heng)(heng)。（4）變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)柜出線至

各區(qu)域充電樁配電柜距(ju)離不宜超過200m。

2.4 配電線路設計

根據(ju)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)柜(ju)的數量(liang)(liang)在專用變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所低壓柜(ju)出線設(she)置相應(ying)數量(liang)(liang)的單獨(du)饋線回(hui)路(lu)(lu)直接供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。饋線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜宜(yi)銅(tong)芯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜或銅(tong)芯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線，三相配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)應(ying)選(xuan)用五芯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜，單相配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)應(ying)選(xuan)用三芯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)(lu)宜(yi)采用金屬(shu)槽盒(he)敷設(she)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁位置帶定時，金屬(shu)槽盒(he)應(ying)能到(dao)達所有(you)停(ting)車(che)位，以(yi)滿足(zu)100%預留(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)條(tiao)件。

3 充電樁設(she)施的布置原則

電動汽(qi)車(che)(che)與(yu)充(chong)(chong)電設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)之(zhi)間(jian)應保證安(an)裝距(ju)(ju)離(li)：充(chong)(chong)電設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)裝在車(che)(che)側且不(bu)妨(fang)礙(ai)車(che)(che)門開(kai)啟時，充(chong)(chong)電設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)外輪（含防(fang)撞(zhuang)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施）距(ju)(ju)電動汽(qi)車(che)(che)凈(jing)距(ju)(ju)不(bu)應小于(yu)(yu)0.4m（；妨(fang)礙(ai)車(che)(che)門開(kai)啟時，充(chong)(chong)電設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)外輪（含防(fang)撞(zhuang)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施）距(ju)(ju)電動汽(qi)車(che)(che)凈(jing)距(ju)(ju)不(bu)應小于(yu)(yu)0.6m；充(chong)(chong)電設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)裝在車(che)(che)尾時，充(chong)(chong)電設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)外輪（含防(fang)撞(zhuang)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施）距(ju)(ju)電動汽(qi)車(che)(che)凈(jing)距(ju)(ju)不(bu)應小于(yu)(yu)0.5m。充(chong)(chong)電設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)裝應預留檢(jian)修(xiu)與(yu)操作空(kong)間(jian)，其檢(jian)修(xiu)操作面(mian)與(yu)建（構）筑物之(zhi)間(jian)距(ju)(ju)離(li)不(bu)應小于(yu)(yu)0.8m。其充(chong)(chong)電設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)布(bu)置如（圖2）

圖 2 充電1設(she)備布(bu)置(zhi)示意

4 監控及通信

民(min)用建筑電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設施監控系統(tong)由控制(zhi)層、間隔層及(ji)網絡設備構成。監控系統(tong)較小(xiao)時(shi)，可根據實際需要(yao)進行(xing)簡化。控制(zhi)層能提供充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設施內各(ge)運(yun)行(xing)系統(tong)的(de)(de)人機界(jie)面(mian)，應實現相應信息的(de)(de)收集和(he)實時(shi)顯示、設備的(de)(de)遠方控制(zhi)、以及(ji)數(shu)據的(de)(de)存(cun)儲(chu)、查詢和(he)統(tong)計等，并可與相關系統(tong)通(tong)信。間隔層能采(cai)集設備運(yun)行(xing)狀態及(ji)運(yun)行(xing)數(shu)據，上傳至控制(zhi)層，并接(jie)收和(he)執行(xing)控制(zhi)層的(de)(de)控制(zhi)命令。

5安科瑞充電樁收費運營云平臺

5.1概述

AcrelCloud-9000安科(ke)瑞充(chong)(chong)電柱收(shou)費(fei)運營云平臺(tai)系統通(tong)過物聯網(wang)技術對(dui)接(jie)入系統的電動(dong)電動(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車充(chong)(chong)電站以及各個充(chong)(chong)電整法行(xing)不間斷地數據采集和監控，實時監控充(chong)(chong)電樁(zhuang)(zhuang)運行(xing)狀態(tai)，進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電服務、支付(fu)管(guan)理，交易結算，資(zi)要管(guan)理、電能(neng)管(guan)理，明細查詢(xun)等。同時對(dui)充(chong)(chong)電機(ji)過溫(wen)保護(hu)、漏電、充(chong)(chong)電機(ji)輸入/輸出過壓(ya)，欠壓(ya)，絕緣低(di)各類故障進(jin)行(xing)預(yu)警；充(chong)(chong)電樁(zhuang)(zhuang)支持以太網(wang)、4G或WIFI等方式接(jie)入互聯網(wang)，用戶通(tong)過微(wei)信、支付(fu)寶，云閃付(fu)掃碼充(chong)(chong)電。

5.2應用場所

適用(yong)于(yu)民用(yong)建筑、一般工業(ye)建筑、居住小區(qu)、實業(ye)單(dan)位(wei)、商業(ye)綜合體、學校、園(yuan)區(qu)等充電(dian)樁模式的(de)充電(dian)基礎(chu)設施設計。

5.3系統結構

5.3.1系統分為四層：

1）即(ji)數據(ju)采集(ji)層、網絡傳輸層、數據(ju)中心(xin)層和客戶端層。

2）數(shu)據(ju)采集(ji)層：包(bao)括電瓶車智能(neng)充電樁(zhuang)通(tong)訊協議為標準modbus-rtu。電瓶車智能(neng)充電樁(zhuang)用于采集(ji)充電回路的電力參數(shu)，并進(jin)行電能(neng)計量(liang)和保護。

3）網絡傳輸層：通過(guo)4G網絡將數(shu)(shu)據上傳至搭建(jian)好的數(shu)(shu)據庫服務器。

4）數(shu)據(ju)(ju)中心層：包含(han)應(ying)用(yong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)器(qi)和數(shu)據(ju)(ju)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)器(qi)，應(ying)用(yong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)器(qi)部(bu)署數(shu)據(ju)(ju)采集服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)、WEB網(wang)站，數(shu)據(ju)(ju)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)器(qi)部(bu)署實時數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫、歷史數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫、基礎數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫。

5）應客戶(hu)端(duan)層：系統管理員可(ke)在瀏覽器中訪問電(dian)瓶(ping)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁收費(fei)平(ping)臺。終端(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)用戶(hu)通過刷(shua)卡(ka)掃碼的方式啟動充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。

小區充電(dian)平(ping)臺功能主要涵蓋充電(dian)設施(shi)智能化大(da)屏(ping)、實時(shi)監(jian)控、交易管理(li)、故障管理(li)、統計分析、基礎(chu)數(shu)據管理(li)等(deng)功能，同時(shi)為運維(wei)(wei)人(ren)員提供運維(wei)(wei)APP，充電(dian)用戶提供充電(dian)小程序(xu)。

5.4安(an)科瑞充電樁云平臺系統(tong)功能

5.4.1智(zhi)能化(hua)大屏

智能(neng)化大屏展示站(zhan)(zhan)點(dian)分(fen)布情況(kuang)，對設備(bei)狀態、設備(bei)使(shi)(shi)用率、充電(dian)(dian)次數、充電(dian)(dian)時長、充電(dian)(dian)金額、充電(dian)(dian)度數、充電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)故障(zhang)等(deng)進行統(tong)計顯示，同時可查看(kan)每個站(zhan)(zhan)點(dian)的(de)站(zhan)(zhan)點(dian)信息、充電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)列表、充電(dian)(dian)記錄(lu)、收益、能(neng)耗、故障(zhang)記錄(lu)等(deng)。統(tong)一管理小區(qu)充電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，查看(kan)設備(bei)使(shi)(shi)用率，合理分(fen)配資(zi)源。

5.4.2實時監控

實時監視充電設施運行狀況，主要包括充電樁運行狀態、回路狀態、充電過程中的充電電量、充電電壓/電流，充電樁告警信息等。

5.4.3交易管理

平臺管理人員可管理充電(dian)(dian)用戶(hu)(hu)賬(zhang)戶(hu)(hu)，對(dui)其進行(xing)賬(zhang)戶(hu)(hu)進行(xing)充值、退款、凍結、注銷(xiao)等操作，可查(cha)看(kan)小區(qu)用戶(hu)(hu)每(mei)日的充電(dian)(dian)交(jiao)易詳細信息(xi)。

5.4.4故障管理

設備自(zi)動上報故(gu)(gu)障信息(xi)，平臺(tai)管理人員可通過(guo)平臺(tai)查看(kan)故(gu)(gu)障信息(xi)并進行(xing)派發處理，同時運(yun)(yun)維人員可通過(guo)運(yun)(yun)維APP收取故(gu)(gu)障推送，運(yun)(yun)維人員在運(yun)(yun)維工作(zuo)完成(cheng)后(hou)將(jiang)結果上報。充電(dian)用戶也可通過(guo)充電(dian)小程(cheng)序(xu)反饋現場問題。

5.4.5統計分析

通過系(xi)統(tong)平臺，從充電站點、充電設施、、充電時間、充電方式等不同角度，查詢充電交易統(tong)計信息、能(neng)耗(hao)統(tong)計信息等。

5.4.6基(ji)礎(chu)數據(ju)管理

在系統平臺建立運營商戶，運營商可建立和管理其運營所需站點和充電設施，維護充電設施信息、價格策略、折扣、優惠活動，同時可管理在線卡用戶充值、凍結和解綁。

5.4.7運維APP

面向運維人員使用，可以對站點和充電樁進行管理、能夠進行故障閉環處理、查詢流量卡使用情況、查詢充電\充值情況，進行遠程參數設置，同時可接收故障推送

5.4.8充電小程序

面向充電用戶使用，可查看(kan)附近空(kong)閑設備(bei)，主要包含掃(sao)碼充電、賬戶充值，充電卡綁定、交(jiao)易查詢(xun)、故障申訴等功能。

5.5系統硬件配置

6結語

為了我國(guo)汽(qi)車能(neng)源(yuan)結構的(de)轉變，應(ying)普及(ji)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)備的(de)建設(she)(she)(she)。未來幾年電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)施的(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)仍會是(shi)電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)師(shi)們關注的(de)重點。地下車庫(ku)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)施的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)，應(ying)結合當地相關規定(ding)設(she)(she)(she)置配套(tao)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁。電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)師(shi)應(ying)立足規范，收集(ji)相關數據(ju)，密(mi)切(qie)跟蹤(zong)新產品(pin)及(ji)技術的(de)發展，不斷優化調整(zheng)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)方案，做到經濟合理。

安科瑞侯文莉