摘要：介紹一(yi)種(zhong)快速而的(de)(de)電弧光(guang)保護(hu)(hu)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)及電弧光(guang)保護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理，系統(tong)(tong)(tong)結構，并(bing)就某110kV變電站安裝的(de)(de)10kV母線電弧光(guang)保護(hu)(hu)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)現場(chang)工(gong)程應(ying)用展開(kai)論述。

關鍵詞：中低壓；母(mu)線故障；母(mu)線保護(hu)；電弧光保護(hu)

0前言

目前，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)除(chu)了220kV及(ji)以上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站的低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)側母(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)按要求裝設(she)母(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)外(wai),110kV及(ji)以下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站的35kV及(ji)以下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級(ji)的母(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)并(bing)沒有(you)裝設(she)母(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)。由于各(ge)種原因,中(zhong)(zhong)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)母(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)幾(ji)率相當高(gao),但是長期(qi)以來,一旦母(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang)有(you)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang),只能由帶有(you)較長延時的后備(bei)(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)來切(qie)除(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)母(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang),無法(fa)快(kuai)速切(qie)除(chu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)。所(suo)以經常出現(xian)因為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)母(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)持續時間過長而導致故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)擴(kuo)大,開關柜內的母(mu)(mu)(mu)排及(ji)其(qi)他設(she)備(bei)(bei)燒毀(hui),甚至發生爆炸的情(qing)況,危(wei)及(ji)臨近設(she)備(bei)(bei)及(ji)人員(yuan)的。統(tong)計(ji)數據顯示,主變(bian)(bian)(bian)外(wai)部斷(duan)路器故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)產(chan)生的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動力(li)(li)易使主變(bian)(bian)(bian)繞組變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)而損壞(huai),造成巨大的經濟損失并(bing)嚴重威(wei)脅(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)的穩定(ding)運(yun)行。為(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器及(ji)母(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的穩定(ding)運(yun)行,降(jiang)低(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)時設(she)備(bei)(bei)的受損程度(du),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)迫切(qie)需要一個經濟、可靠的中(zhong)(zhong)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)母(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)解決(jue)方(fang)案(an)(an)。而在眾多(duo)的備(bei)(bei)選方(fang)案(an)(an)中(zhong)(zhong),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧光保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)系(xi)統(tong)是一個理想(xiang)的解決(jue)方(fang)案(an)(an)。

1電(dian)弧光保護工作原理

母線設備發生故障時將出現大電流并產生高達數萬勒克斯的弧光,電弧光保護根據故障時產生的弧光及大電流來實現保護功能。電弧光保護通過弧光探頭或者弧光傳感器來檢測弧光,同時通過一個過流元件來檢測電流,當檢測到弧光信號且過流元件動作時,保護動作并發出跳閘命令切除其所保護母線的電源進線和該母線上的母聯斷路器,隔離故障點,同時發出保護動作信號并對故障點進行定位,原理見圖1。

2電(dian)弧(hu)光(guang)保護系(xi)統的構成

電(dian)弧(hu)(hu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)保護(hu)(hu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)由(you)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、弧(hu)(hu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)傳(chuan)感器和(he)弧(hu)(hu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)探(tan)頭通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖或(huo)網(wang)(wang)線相互(hu)連(lian)接構(gou)成(cheng),電(dian)弧(hu)(hu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)保護(hu)(hu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)結構(gou)見(jian)圖2。一(yi)(yi)套電(dian)弧(hu)(hu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)保護(hu)(hu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)保護(hu)(hu)一(yi)(yi)段母(mu)線,每套電(dian)弧(hu)(hu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)保護(hu)(hu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)由(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、若干個(ge)(ge)擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)若干個(ge)(ge)弧(hu)(hu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)探(tan)頭組(zu)成(cheng)。兩段母(mu)線的(de)(de)電(dian)弧(hu)(hu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)保護(hu)(hu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)之間通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖相互(hu)連(lian)接各(ge)自的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進行(xing)通(tong)(tong)(tong)訊(xun),相互(hu)傳(chuan)遞光(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)、過(guo)流信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)及跳閘信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之間通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)網(wang)(wang)線連(lian)接,單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)網(wang)(wang)線向擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)提供工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)源(yuan)并接受來(lai)自于擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖與(yu)安裝(zhuang)在(zai)各(ge)個(ge)(ge)斷(duan)路器間隔內(nei)的(de)(de)弧(hu)(hu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)探(tan)頭連(lian)接。同(tong)一(yi)(yi)段母(mu)線上的(de)(de)多個(ge)(ge)擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之間通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)網(wang)(wang)線鏈接，由(you)此實現通(tong)(tong)(tong)訊(xun)并獲取工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)源(yuan)。

2．1單元

單元(yuan)是電弧光保護系統(tong)的核心元(yuan)件(jian)(jian),主(zhu)要(yao)實現(xian)保護及通訊功能,其(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)由電流(liu)監(jian)視元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)和光信(xin)(xin)號檢(jian)測(ce)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)組成。電流(liu)監(jian)視元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)可選擇使用三(san)相(xiang)過(guo)流(liu)判(pan)(pan)據或兩相(xiang)過(guo)流(liu)判(pan)(pan)據和零序過(guo)流(liu)判(pan)(pan)據來實現(xian)過(guo)流(liu)保護,當電流(liu)大(da)于過(guo)流(liu)定(ding)值(zhi)時(shi)過(guo)流(liu)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)瞬時(shi)動(dong)作。光信(xin)(xin)號檢(jian)測(ce)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)檢(jian)測(ce)擴展單元(yuan)上(shang)傳的弧光動(dong)作信(xin)(xin)號,收到該信(xin)(xin)號就(jiu)判(pan)(pan)定(ding)為出(chu)現(xian)弧光。

2．2擴展單元

擴展單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)主要用于增加弧(hu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)探(tan)頭的(de)接口(kou)數量(liang),其(qi)內部的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)檢測元(yuan)件(jian)對弧(hu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)探(tan)頭捕獲(huo)的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)經放(fang)大后與預選參考電平(ping)(ping)比較,如果(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電平(ping)(ping)超過預設(she)參考電平(ping)(ping)時,就判(pan)定為出(chu)現弧(hu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang),然后向單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)發(fa)出(chu)弧(hu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)動作信號。擴展單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)通過光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖與弧(hu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)探(tan)頭連接,確保弧(hu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信號在傳(chuan)輸過程中弧(hu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)強度的(de)衰耗。

3應用實例

在某110kV變電站10kV兩段母(mu)(mu)線(xian)各(ge)裝設一套電弧光(guang)保護系統,兩段10kV母(mu)(mu)線(xian)通過母(mu)(mu)聯(lian)斷路(lu)器連接(jie),10kV電氣主接(jie)線(xian)及安裝的(de)兩套電弧光(guang)保護系統結構見圖3。

3．1保護判(pan)據(ju)的采集

為實現電弧(hu)光保(bao)護系統的(de)(de)(de)功能,過流(liu)(liu)元(yuan)件采(cai)集(ji)主(zhu)變(bian)10kV側電流(liu)(liu),且(qie)采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)電流(liu)(liu)繞組(zu)與主(zhu)變(bian)10kV側后備(bei)保(bao)護所用電流(liu)(liu)繞組(zu)為同組(zu);弧(hu)光信號由擴展(zhan)單元(yuan)向單元(yuan)提供,擴展(zhan)單元(yuan)通(tong)過光纖采(cai)集(ji)安裝(zhuang)于空氣絕緣鎧裝(zhuang)開關柜的(de)(de)(de)每個斷(duan)路器間隔母線室內的(de)(de)(de)弧(hu)光探(tan)頭傳(chuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)弧(hu)光信號。

3．2電弧光保護系統定值設置

1)對保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)作條件進行整定,保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)作條件可選擇只要(yao)光信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)而不需要(yao)過(guo)流(liu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)或者同時需要(yao)光信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)和過(guo)流(liu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)。因(yin)電弧光保(bao)護(hu)(hu)系統動(dong)(dong)作將使(shi)一(yi)段(duan)母線失電,為(wei)防止保(bao)護(hu)(hu)誤動(dong)(dong),保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)作條件設置為(wei)同時需要(yao)光信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)和過(guo)流(liu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)。

2)選擇光參考(kao)電平(ping),選擇光補償方式,按廠家建議設置(zhi)為自(zi)動(dong)背(bei)景光補償。

3)對過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)定(ding)(ding)值進(jin)行(xing)整定(ding)(ding),過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)可選(xuan)擇過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為相電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)或(huo)零序電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。考慮到對各種故障的(de)適應(ying)性,選(xuan)擇相電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)且過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)定(ding)(ding)值參照主變后(hou)備保護過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)Ⅰ段(duan)定(ding)(ding)值進(jin)行(xing)整定(ding)(ding)。

4)對光纖(xian)通道進行整(zheng)定,設定每個光纖(xian)接口的工作(zuo)方式(輸入(ru)或輸出(chu))及(ji)接收(shou)或者發送信(xin)號(hao)(hao)的種類(光信(xin)號(hao)(hao)、過流(liu)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)跳閘信(xin)號(hao)(hao))。圖3為(wei)例,為(wei)確(que)保一臺(tai)主變退(tui)出(chu)運(yun)行,由另一臺(tai)主變通過母(mu)聯向兩(liang)段(duan)母(mu)線(xian)供電(dian)時,兩(liang)個單元中有一個檢測到過流(liu),保護也能正(zheng)確(que)動作(zuo),應將信(xin)號(hao)(hao)種類設定為(wei)過流(liu)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)。

3．3電弧光保護系統動(dong)作邏輯

1）在檢測到弧光信號且過(guo)流條件滿足(zu)時,保(bao)護動作并經兩個(ge)高速跳閘(zha)出口跳相應母(mu)線進線斷(duan)路器及該(gai)母(mu)線的母(mu)聯(lian)斷(duan)路器。

2)電(dian)弧光保(bao)護動作應(ying)閉(bi)(bi)鎖10kV備用電(dian)源自(zi)投裝(zhuang)置,防止(zhi)在(zai)兩段母線(xian)(xian)各自(zi)獨立運(yun)行時,10kV母線(xian)(xian)發生故障,電(dian)弧光保(bao)護動作切除主變10kV側斷路(lu)器后(hou),10kV備自(zi)投裝(zhuang)置動作將10kV母聯合閘于10kV故障母線(xian)(xian)。(要求電(dian)弧光保(bao)護系(xi)統(tong)至(zhi)少提(ti)供2個(ge)高速(su)跳(tiao)閘出口用于跳(tiao)運(yun)行斷路(lu)器,及兩副常(chang)規繼(ji)電(dian)器接點用于發信(xin)及閉(bi)(bi)鎖備自(zi)投。)

3．4電弧光(guang)保(bao)護系(xi)統的調試

根據現(xian)場對該保(bao)護的(de)設計要求,在(zai)安裝調試過程中進行如下調試項目:

1)用強光源照(zhao)射每個(ge)斷(duan)路器柜(ju)的弧光探頭,

檢查弧(hu)光(guang)傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)動作情(qing)況,記(ji)下各個間隔的(de)弧(hu)光(guang)探頭所對(dui)(dui)應(ying)的(de)信號(hao)燈編號(hao),用斷路器(qi)(qi)編號(hao)標識(shi)對(dui)(dui)應(ying)的(de)信號(hao)燈,便于日后(hou)進行故障定位。

2)檢驗(yan)動作邏輯是否(fou)符合要(yao)(yao)求,一種是要(yao)(yao)光信(xin)(xin)號而不需要(yao)(yao)過流信(xin)(xin)號,另一種是在同時需要(yao)(yao)光信(xin)(xin)號和(he)過流信(xin)(xin),兩(liang)種動作條件(jian)下的保護。

3)檢驗(yan)過流元件的動(dong)作值、返(fan)回(hui)值、返(fan)回(hui)系(xi)數(shu)是(shi)否符合(he)規程要求。

4)核(he)對上傳的信號是否正確(que)。

5)帶斷路(lu)器做(zuo)傳動(dong)試(shi)驗(yan),保護動(dong)作(zuo)邏輯正確(que),斷路(lu)器動(dong)作(zuo)行為正確(que),正確(que)動(dong)作(zuo)率100,同時(shi)(shi)正確(que)閉鎖10kV備自投,保護動(dong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間不大于3ms。由此可知(zhi),電弧光保護在動(dong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間上(shang)比(bi)其他中低壓母線保護有巨大的優越性,見(jian)表1。設備損壞見(jian)表2。

4安科瑞ARB5-M弧光保護產品選型說明

ARB5-弧光主控單元

（1）＊表(biao)示可(ke)選附件，需要另外增(zeng)加費用1500元(yuan)。

（2）主控(kong)板(ban)和采(cai)集板(ban)數量(liang)之和不能大(da)于4。

（3）弧光探頭(tou)到(dao)采集板的長度不能超過20米。

（4）如有特殊要求，請特別(bie)注明(ming)。

5安科(ke)瑞ARB5-M弧光(guang)保護(hu)產(chan)品(pin)功能和技(ji)術參數

6安科瑞ARB5-M弧(hu)光(guang)保護產品現場安裝

弧光保護主控單元、探頭安裝圖如下。

7結束語

綜上所述,將母(mu)線(xian)短(duan)路故(gu)(gu)(gu)障時(shi)間控制在100ms甚至更(geng)短(duan)的(de)時(shi)間以內,可(ke)(ke)(ke)在很大(da)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)上降低故(gu)(gu)(gu)障對(dui)(dui)母(mu)線(xian)設備及主變(bian)的(de)損害(hai)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)見(jian)表2,同時(shi)降低設備受損程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)還可(ke)(ke)(ke)以減少開(kai)(kai)關柜(ju)停(ting)電檢(jian)修的(de)時(shi)間,針對(dui)(dui)中低壓(ya)開(kai)(kai)關柜(ju)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障特性(xing)開(kai)(kai)發,原(yuan)理(li)簡單,動作迅(xun)速可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠,對(dui)(dui)現(xian)有設備無特殊要求的(de)電弧光保(bao)(bao)護(hu)系統是一種實現(xian)這個目標的(de)較(jiao)為理(li)想的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)解決方(fang)案。

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